Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Artist: Unknown

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Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647) demonstrated that liquid will rise in a tube unless the weight of the column of liquid is equal to the pressure of the air pressing on an equal section of the reservoir of liquid. The height of a column will depend on the density of the liquid used. Thus a column of water would be (32 feet), while that of mercury which is approximately times denser, would be .736m (29 ins). From The Atmosphere, by Camille Flammarion. (London 1873).

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