. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CYTOSKELETON 329. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the compression plate appa- ratus. Spherical cell aggregates (A) are positioned between the upper and lower compression plates (UCP and LCP, respectively). The UCP is suspended from the arm of an electrobalance, which records the compressive force that is exerted on the aggregate when the lower assembly (LA) is turned. The evolution of the compressive force with time is continuously recorded by a computer. 30 50 70 90 110 Time |sec| no 150 170
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CYTOSKELETON 329. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the compression plate appa- ratus. Spherical cell aggregates (A) are positioned between the upper and lower compression plates (UCP and LCP, respectively). The UCP is suspended from the arm of an electrobalance, which records the compressive force that is exerted on the aggregate when the lower assembly (LA) is turned. The evolution of the compressive force with time is continuously recorded by a computer. 30 50 70 90 110 Time |sec| no 150 170 Figure 2. A characteristic compressive relaxation curve as recorded by the computer. The one shown comes from a chick embryonic heart aggregate. This curve is matched with the one predicted by the Kelvin body in terms of the physical parameters mentioned in the text. like the strength of binding between cell adhesion mole- cules and their characteristic lifetimes. Literature Cited Foty, G. Forgacs, C. M. Pleger, and M. Steinberg. 1994. Liquid properties of embryonic tissues: measurement of interfacial tensions. Pins. Rev. Lett. 72: 2298-2301. Foty, R., C. M. Pleger, G. Forgacs, and M. Steinberg. 1996. Surface tension of embryonic tissues predict their mutual envelopment be- havior. Development 111: 1611-1620. Fung, V. C. 1993. Binmechanics. Springer-Verlag, New York. Steinberg, M. S. 1970. Does differential adhesion govern self-assem- bly processes in histogenesis? Equilibrium configurations and the emergence of a hierarchy among populations of embryonic cells. / Exp. Zool. 173: 395-434. Discussion Schwartz: How do you know whether cytochalasin lowers surface tension by reducing tension inside the cell or by affect- ing cadherins and cell-cell adhesion? Forgacs: Since cadherins are known to be coupled to the actin cytoskeleton, I believe cytochalasin affects them both. Coulombe: How much time is required for these cells to sort out? Does this require de novo gene expressio
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