. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 780 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June \2,1919 NOSEMA-DISEASE By G. F. WHITE, Specialist in Insect Diseases CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Name of Disease 3 Digestive Tract of Adult Bees .... 4 Cause-of Ncsema-Disease 7 A Three-Year Study of Nosema Infec- tion in an Apiary ........ 13 Syrn: ' .'ns of Nosema-Disease .... 21 Metlio'Js Emp'.oyed in ExperimentaJ Studies 22 Effect of Nosema Infeciion on t
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 780 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June \2,1919 NOSEMA-DISEASE By G. F. WHITE, Specialist in Insect Diseases CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Name of Disease 3 Digestive Tract of Adult Bees .... 4 Cause-of Ncsema-Disease 7 A Three-Year Study of Nosema Infec- tion in an Apiary ........ 13 Syrn: ' .'ns of Nosema-Disease .... 21 Metlio'Js Emp'.oyed in ExperimentaJ Studies 22 Effect of Nosema Infeciion on the Colony and on the Apiary 23 Resistance of Nosema apis to Heating , 29 Resistance of Nosema apis to Drying . 31 Resistance of Nosema apis to Fermenta- tion 33 Page 35 Resistance of Nosema apis to Putrefaction Resistance of Nosema apis to Direct Sunlight. 37 Period Nosema apis Remains Virulent . 39 Infectiousness of Brood-Combs from Nosema-Infected Colonies .... 43 Resistamce of Nosema apis to Carbolic Acid 44 Effect of Drugs on Nosema-Disease . .44 Modes of Transmission of Nosema-Dis- ease 46 Diagnosis of .Nosema-Disease .... 48 Prognosis in Nosema-Disease .... 63 Simmary and Conclnsions 66 Literature Cited 68. WASHmGTON I30VERNMENT PRINTINa OFFXCE 1919. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Dept. of Agriculture. [Washington, D. C. ?] : The Dept. : Supt. of Docs. , G. P. O.
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