. The Turk and the land of Haig; or, Turkey and Armenia: descriptive, historical, and picturesque . ts of America, had substitnted their own ideas ofjustice for established law. They would, for instance,render judgment against the defendant and send himto jail for not paying promptly, and send the plaintiffthere, too, for making a fuss about so small a matter,while the witness would get a few days behind thebars for not minding his own business. The modernTurkish courts, however, were forced to adopt a systemof laws based upon the Code Napoleon. At the timeit was thought a decided improvement;
. The Turk and the land of Haig; or, Turkey and Armenia: descriptive, historical, and picturesque . ts of America, had substitnted their own ideas ofjustice for established law. They would, for instance,render judgment against the defendant and send himto jail for not paying promptly, and send the plaintiffthere, too, for making a fuss about so small a matter,while the witness would get a few days behind thebars for not minding his own business. The modernTurkish courts, however, were forced to adopt a systemof laws based upon the Code Napoleon. At the timeit was thought a decided improvement; but the Moslemsystem of laws thus coming into a close relation withthe European system, as represented by the CodeNapoleon, has resulted in nothing more than that theTurk has put on the robes of civilized nations, only tocover his barbaric inner nature. It is not new laws that are most needed in existing laws, in all the departments of administra-tion, are good enough for the Turks ; but what is vitallyindispensable to good government is the honest appli-cation of the-existing A TURKISH JUDGE. 296 THE TURK AND THE LAND OF HAIG. In every vilayet, as well as in every liva (or sanjak)and caza, we find two different courts of justice. Oneis the Superior Court, or Court Sheri, whose head—always a Mussulman—is appointed by the Sultan. TheCourts Sheri correspond somewhat to American Courtsof Equity, and they expound the sacred law of theKoran, appealing to it for a decision in those complexi-ties where the law of the count/y is inadequate. Casesrelating to real property fall rightly under their juris-diction. The judgments of these courts are ex-amined and amended by a mollah residing at thegoverning centers. The High Court of Appeals isdivided into two chambers, one for Asia and one forEurope, and at the heads of these we recognize thecadiaskers, or the military judges who constitute thesecond pillar of state in our figure of the royal these Courts
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