. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RANUNCULACEAE 51 Kronfeld states that Handlirsch observed eight species of humble-bee in lower Austria, and Hoffer ten in upper Austria, those with a short proboscis (B. mastru- catus, B. terrester, B. soroensis, and B. mendax) obtaining the nectar by perforatin'- the flowers. " 102. A. variegatum L.— Visitors.—Kronfeld—in Austria—saw Bombus agrorum (5 and 5) and B. hortorum (5, 5, and S) sucking legitimately, also Halictus morio and other short- tongue
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RANUNCULACEAE 51 Kronfeld states that Handlirsch observed eight species of humble-bee in lower Austria, and Hoffer ten in upper Austria, those with a short proboscis (B. mastru- catus, B. terrester, B. soroensis, and B. mendax) obtaining the nectar by perforatin'- the flowers. " 102. A. variegatum L.— Visitors.—Kronfeld—in Austria—saw Bombus agrorum (5 and 5) and B. hortorum (5, 5, and S) sucking legitimately, also Halictus morio and other short- tongued insects vainly seeking for nectar. Schulz observed perforated flowers of this species in Thuringia. 103. A. Lycoctonum L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 279; Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 139-40; MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.'; Aurivillius, C, 'Uber d. Bl. u. Befrucht. v. Aconitum Lycoctonum L.,' Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, xxix, 1887, pp. 125-8; Kronfeld,' Uber d. biol. Verhaltn. d. Aconitumbliite,' Bot. Jahrb., Leipzig, xi, 1889; Loew, ' Blumenbesuch,' I, p. 28; Knuth, ' Bliitenbesucher').— This agrees essentially with the species already de- scribed in the structure of its flowers, but the nectar is so deeply placed as to be only accessible to humble-bees with a very long proboscis. The upper sepal of the yellow blossom is an almost vertical cylinder, which serves as a protective envelope for the nectaries. Each of these is produced into a spiral tube (of one and a half turns), which is full of nectar, that is here secreted very abundantly. The stalk of the nectary. is about 20 mm. long, and a proboscis Fig. 20. Aconihtm Lycoctonum, L. (after Hernt. Muller). A. Flower in the second (female) condi- tion ; seen from the side. Natural size. B. Loniji- tudinal section of the same (nearly twice natural size). The upper stamens have already fallen off. of about the same length is necessary for sucking, as humble-bees can get no foot- hold in the cylindrical sepal, but are oblig
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