Old-time schools and school-books . and purposescame into being, and their high character and thesuccess of their pupils, and the like success wonby the girls in the academies, were very effective in 146 Old-time Schools and School-books breaking down the opposition to feminine educa-tion. The higher institutions of learning for girlsestablished in those early years shone with addedlustre because their novelty attracted workers withthe enthusiasm of pioneers, and with a keenness ofappreciation and exhilaration that could be elicitedby no other circumstances. These schools were ina marked way r


Old-time schools and school-books . and purposescame into being, and their high character and thesuccess of their pupils, and the like success wonby the girls in the academies, were very effective in 146 Old-time Schools and School-books breaking down the opposition to feminine educa-tion. The higher institutions of learning for girlsestablished in those early years shone with addedlustre because their novelty attracted workers withthe enthusiasm of pioneers, and with a keenness ofappreciation and exhilaration that could be elicitedby no other circumstances. These schools were ina marked way religious, their pupils absorbed moralearnestness, and they had a deep and lasting influ-ence on New England life. They furnished heroinesof the mission field and some of the most ardentworkers against intemperance. From them, too,came such numbers of wives for the clergy that thehumorous appellation ministers rib factories wasnot wholly amiss. This nickname was the moretelling, owing to the fact that the buildings them- i« ^^mm£. A Ministers Rib Lyons Mt. Holyoke Seminary, built in 1837. selves were apt to be great barren barracks withvery much of the factory look. Summer Schools and Academies 147 I have incidentally referred to the waxing and waning form a curious phase ofour educational development. In the eighteenthcentury the growth of the scattered villages, andthe division of the towns into school districts, wasattended by a gradual discontinuance of the gram-mar schools. Indeed, the law requiring grammarschools was relaxed, until we find in Massachusettsonly seven towns where they were obligatory in people preferred to spend all the money raisedfor education on the district schools; but some channelof more advanced instruction was a necessity, andthere began to come into being many private schoolsand incorporated academies. The first of the latterwas established in 1780 at Andover; others soonfollowed, and by 1840 the state had nea


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