. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ication of age: but the doubleor counterfeit rings can be distinguish-ed by a practiced eye with the aid ofa magnifying glass. These irregulari-ties are due to some interruptions ofthe functions of the tree, caused by de-foliation, extreme climatic condition orsudden changes of temperature. Thebreadth of the ring depends on thelength of the period of vegetation; alsowhen the soil is deep and rich, and light 466 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING October, 1904. has much influence on the tree,
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ication of age: but the doubleor counterfeit rings can be distinguish-ed by a practiced eye with the aid ofa magnifying glass. These irregulari-ties are due to some interruptions ofthe functions of the tree, caused by de-foliation, extreme climatic condition orsudden changes of temperature. Thebreadth of the ring depends on thelength of the period of vegetation; alsowhen the soil is deep and rich, and light 466 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING October, 1904. has much influence on the tree, therings will be broader. The amount oflight, and the consequent developmentof foliage, is, perhaps, the most pow-erful factor in wood formation, and it isupon the proper use of this that theforester depends for his means of reg- I to 3; that is, for 100 lbs. of compres-sor pressure the tester will compress theair in the high pressure cylinder up to300. B is the exhaust pipe to the atmos-phere, and E to the testing gauge. InFig. I the piping and cylinders are shownunder the work bench out of harms. ri^.a DEVICE FOR TESTING TOP AND RELIEF VALVES. ulating the development and quantityof his crop. An Excellent Shop Kink. In this issue we present to our read-ers a line drawing and description ofa most useful shop kink, designed by theBoston & Maine Railroad, for testing popand relief valves. The device is alreadyin operation in the B. & M. shops atKeene, N. H., and giving entire satisfac-tion. It obviates the necessity of install-ing and maintaining an extensive steamplant for this purpose, and its simplicityis apparent, while it costs nothing tomaintain, the only outlay being for itsconstruction. It will be heartily wel-comed by the man whose duty it has beento crawl on top of a boiler to regulatethe safety valves under pressure. Fig. I shows a front view of the test-ing plant. Fig. 2 a side view. By fol-lowing the letters in Fig l we find thatthe air, which is taken from a compres
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