. Annual report of the American Institute, of the City of New York. Science. PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHNIC ASSOCIATION. 431 effect of heat discovered by myself. In this gun I provide strength to resist the pressure of the powder, while I compensate for the effects of heat, by superior elasticity, not only for the unequal expansion in the direction of the diameter, but of length also. The gun is to be cast so near to the required dimensions as to need no turning outside, thus preserving the most enduring surface to the casting, and allowing it to compensate by in- creased elasticity effectivel
. Annual report of the American Institute, of the City of New York. Science. PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHNIC ASSOCIATION. 431 effect of heat discovered by myself. In this gun I provide strength to resist the pressure of the powder, while I compensate for the effects of heat, by superior elasticity, not only for the unequal expansion in the direction of the diameter, but of length also. The gun is to be cast so near to the required dimensions as to need no turning outside, thus preserving the most enduring surface to the casting, and allowing it to compensate by in- creased elasticity effectively for unequal heat in its inner and outer por- ^ tions when made of one metal, as homogeneous cast iron. * The figures are a longitudinal section and a cross section of a gun con- structed according to this invention. The passages are cast with cores to leave webs in the doubly curved form represented. .The cores between the webs, as also a core forming the bore, may be cooled by tubes containing water or other cooling agent, in the manner patented by Captain Rodman, if preferred. When the gun is fired, the heat communi- cated to the interior surface expands the '^ central portions of the casting. The open • j condition of the iron iutermediate between "^ the inner portion b and the exterior portion b^ of the thick part or re-enforce of the gun, allows this portion of the structure to yield __ by its elasticity, both laterally and longitudi- nally, far more than when the gun is cast solid; so that the strain, whether purely mechanical, i. e., due to the expansive force of gases, or due to the heat of the interior, or, as will generally be the case, due partly to both, is allowed for, first, the pressure by the strength of the re-enforce; second, the expansion due to'heat, by the elasticity of the webs. The re-enforce being cast of a somewhat greater thickness than other parts of the gun, will cool last, and shrink to the required pressure against the webs, and through th
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