. Fishes. Fishes. The True Sharks 203 haul of the net. They are very destructive to herrings and other food-fishes. Usually the fishermen cut out the liver, throwing the shark overboard to die or to be cast on the beach. In northern Europe and New England Squalus acanthias is abun- dant. Squalus sucklii replaces it in the waters about Puget Sound, and Squalus mitsukurii in Japan and Hawaii. Still others are found in Chile and Australia. The species of Squalus live near shore and have the gray color usual among sharks. Allied forms perhaps hardly different from Squalus are found in the Cretaceo
. Fishes. Fishes. The True Sharks 203 haul of the net. They are very destructive to herrings and other food-fishes. Usually the fishermen cut out the liver, throwing the shark overboard to die or to be cast on the beach. In northern Europe and New England Squalus acanthias is abun- dant. Squalus sucklii replaces it in the waters about Puget Sound, and Squalus mitsukurii in Japan and Hawaii. Still others are found in Chile and Australia. The species of Squalus live near shore and have the gray color usual among sharks. Allied forms perhaps hardly different from Squalus are found in the Cretaceous rocks and have been described as Centrophoroides. Other genera related to Squalus live in greater depths, from 100 to 600 fathoms, and these are violet-black. Some of the deep- water forms are the smallest of all sharks, scarcely exceeding a. Fig. 145. —Elmo-plerus liicifer Jordan & Snyder. Misaki, Japan. foot in length. Etmopterus spinax lives in the Mediterranean, and teeth of a similar species occur in the Ita'ian Pliocene rocks. Etmopterus lucifer* a deep-water species of Japan, has a brilliant luminous glandular area along the sides of the belly. Other small species of deeper waters belong to the genera Centrophorus, Centroscymnus, and Deania. In some of these species the scales are highly specialized, pedunculate, or having the form of serrated leaves. Some species are Arctic, the others are most abundant about Misaki in Japan and the Madeira Islands, two regions especially rich in semibathybial types. AlHed to the Squalidce is the small family of Oxynotidce with short bodies and strong dorsal spine. Oxynotus centrina is found in the Mediterranean, and its teeth occur in the Miocene. Family Dalatiidse.—The Dalatiida, or scymnoid sharks, differ from the Squalida almost solely in the absence of dorsal spines. The smaller species belonging to Dalatias {Scymnorhinus, or Scymnus), Dalatias licha, etc., are very much like the dog- * Dr. Peter Schmidt has made a sketc
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