Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . en plain. Land-survey country, as that instanced in Article 16, whichis a survey of a portion of North Dakota, ranges in cost from$ to $8,00 per square mile, where the topographic map ismade on a scale of two miles to one inch and in 20-foot con-tours. For the same scale and in mountainous country, asthat of the South and West, the cost is from $ to $ square mile. If any endeavor is made to do work for othc purposesthan the procurement of a
Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . en plain. Land-survey country, as that instanced in Article 16, whichis a survey of a portion of North Dakota, ranges in cost from$ to $8,00 per square mile, where the topographic map ismade on a scale of two miles to one inch and in 20-foot con-tours. For the same scale and in mountainous country, asthat of the South and West, the cost is from $ to $ square mile. If any endeavor is made to do work for othc purposesthan the procurement of a topographic map, as for che deter-mination of land lines or the staking out of canals or railroads,the cost of the survey is at once greatly enhanced. It is thiswhich has added so greatly to the relative cost as shown inthe tables cited of some private topographic surveys as wellas of the cadastral surveys. 19. Art of Topographic Sketching—Mr. A. M. Well-ington aptly said of topographic surveying that the sketch-ing of the form of the terrane by eye is truly an art asdistinguished from a science, which latter, however difficult it. THE ART OF TOPOGRAPHIC SKETCHING. 43 may be, is always susceptible to rigorous and exact art, on the other hand, is something which cannot betaught by definite, fixed rules which must be exactly fol-lowed, though instruction may be given in its general prin-ciples. In representing the heights and slopes of a given piece ofcountry by contour lines, every case presents some peculiari-ties which must be met, as they are presented, by the topog-raphers own resources. No hard-and-fast limit of minute-ness of detail can be previously fixed. The scale chosen forthe topographic map limits this to a certain extent, but itsexact limits must be set by the topographers own experienceand good judgment, that he may discriminate betzvcen impor-tant and trijiiyig features; those which are usual and commonto the region being mapped, and those which are
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