Ilios; the city and country of the TrojansThe results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the author . No. 103. A Mould ot .Mica-slate for casting arrowheads of a very curious form.(About half actual size. Deplh, 46 ft.) See PI. x., Nos. 82 and 83, of the photographs of the collection. Chap. V.] PUNCHES AND BEOOCHES. 249 mould-stones, each of them having exactly the same beds, were fastenedtogether by means of a small round stick, which was put into the roundhole; then the metal was poured throu


Ilios; the city and country of the TrojansThe results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the author . No. 103. A Mould ot .Mica-slate for casting arrowheads of a very curious form.(About half actual size. Deplh, 46 ft.) See PI. x., Nos. 82 and 83, of the photographs of the collection. Chap. V.] PUNCHES AND BEOOCHES. 249 mould-stones, each of them having exactly the same beds, were fastenedtogether by means of a small round stick, which was put into the roundhole; then the metal was poured through the openings on the small sidesof the stones into the beds, and was left there till it had become cold. Under Nos. 104-111 I represent curious objects of pure copper. Thehead of No. 104 is in the form of a spiral; that of No. 105 is quite 110 109 106 112 104 108 101 Nos. 104-112. Punches, Brooches, and Arrow-head of Copper, also a Silver Brooch.(Half actual size. Depth, 45 to 53 ft.) Nos. 106 and 107 have heads of globular form, and are in the form ofnails; but they can of course never have been used as such, being fartoo long and thin and fragile to be driven into wood. One of thosefound in this first city is 7 in. long. They can consequently onlyhave served as brooches and hair-pins, and were the ancient predecessorsof the fibulae invented ages later. Similar primitive brooches are verynumerous in the first four pre-historic cities of Hissarlik, but only in thefirst two cities are they of copper; in the two later cities they are ofbronze. They are also of bronze in the ancient Lake-habitations inthe Lake of Bourget. A certain number found in that lake are pre-served in the Museum of St. Germain-en-Laye, the director of which, Bertrand, attributes to them the date of from 600 to 500 of bronze


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