. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. Fig. 25 Caudal fin skeletons of Merluccius merluccius in lateral views. Two specimens (ex. BMNH : 44-59) showing individual differences (see text). Second preural vertebra and associated elements are shaded; cartilage is indicated by coarse stippling. Scale = Epaxial muscle insertion (Fig. 26A) In Macruronus epaxial musculature extends well forward to insert on the cranium above the posterior region of the orbit. Central section of the muscle bloc inserts along supraoccipital crest, its fibres forming an angle of 20° t
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. Fig. 25 Caudal fin skeletons of Merluccius merluccius in lateral views. Two specimens (ex. BMNH : 44-59) showing individual differences (see text). Second preural vertebra and associated elements are shaded; cartilage is indicated by coarse stippling. Scale = Epaxial muscle insertion (Fig. 26A) In Macruronus epaxial musculature extends well forward to insert on the cranium above the posterior region of the orbit. Central section of the muscle bloc inserts along supraoccipital crest, its fibres forming an angle of 20° to it. Anterolaterally a separate muscle segment branches from main body, continues forward and inserts on the diagonal frontal ridge posterior and medial to orbit. Epaxial muscle covers dorsal posttemporal limb. In Merluccius epaxlalls inserts mostly along posterior. hy3-5 hs+ard Fig. 26 Caudal fin skeleton of Gadus morhua, lateral aspect, viewed anterodorsally (ex. BMNH : 628-33). Scale= border of dorsal posttemporal limb; medially it inserts on supraoccipital and frontal crests. A small ventrolateral seg- ment passes forward beneath posttemporal limb to insert in posttemporal fossa (Fig. 26B). The Merluccius condition appears the more derived of the two. Among other gadoids it is usual for the epaxialis to insert along the posterior slope of the cranium; the medial fibres attach to the supraoccipital crest. In all other taxa examined the posttemporal limb is covered and the ramus lateralis accessorius (RLA) nerve passes lateral to the epaxial segment (Fig. 26C,E); RLA is absent in Macruronus and Merluccius. Rectus communis muscle Macruronus is unique in that the rectus communis muscle attaches, posteriorly, to the 5th ceratobranchial rather than, as in other gadoids, to 4th (Howes, 1988a:46). Anteriorly, the muscle attaches aponeurotically to the sternohyoideus as in the majority of other gadoid families (Howes, 1988a, table 2: 46). Ramus lateralis accessorius
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