. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. SOLIPEDA. 735 pharyngeus*, its fibres descending from the pterygoid and palate bones, along the sides of the pharynx, around which they wind obliquely, uniting in the middle line upon its posterior surface, where they form a thick muscular layer. The inferior constrictor, or thyro-pharyngcus, is equally broad and strong, its fleshy fibres taking nearly the same direction as they pro- ceed towards the back of the pharynx, where they join by a median raphe. In addition to the above, there is a crico- pharyngeus, arising fr
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. SOLIPEDA. 735 pharyngeus*, its fibres descending from the pterygoid and palate bones, along the sides of the pharynx, around which they wind obliquely, uniting in the middle line upon its posterior surface, where they form a thick muscular layer. The inferior constrictor, or thyro-pharyngcus, is equally broad and strong, its fleshy fibres taking nearly the same direction as they pro- ceed towards the back of the pharynx, where they join by a median raphe. In addition to the above, there is a crico- pharyngeus, arising from the posterior and inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage, whence its fibres extend obliquely upwards along the sides of the pharynx. The analogue of the stylo-pharyngeus is, in the Solipeds, a cylindrical muscle derived from the styloid bone, and, running from be- hind forwards upon the sides and upper part of the pharynx, mixes its fibres with those of the superior constrictor—its action is to raise the commencement of the pharyngeal sac, which it at the same time dilates and draws backward. There is likewise a small muscle derived from the middle part of the styloid bone, the fibres of which run backwards anil inwards, so as to meet those of the muscle last men- tioned. Lastly, there are two other muscles, the fibres of which take a longitudinal direction. One of these, the pkaryngeus proprlns, arises from the tendinous middle line that extends from below the insertion of the stylo-pha- ryngei, and is prolonged downwards along the posterior and lateral walls of the oesophagus : the other, the aryteno-pharyngcus, is a small muscular band proceeding from the back part of each arytenoid cartilage, and running down the front of the oesophagus towards the sto- mach. Stomach. — In all the Solipeda the stomach is simple, and presents little remarkable in its shape. The oesophagus (Jig. 510. b) is in- serted at a very acute angle into its smaller cur- vature, which is, as i
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