. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 244 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 119. Figure 5 Dense stand of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) with ground covered mostly by pine litter on the west side of Auburn (approximately ° N, ° W). remnants of this ecosystem provide pollinators for adjacent fruit crops and contain distinctive variants of native crop relatives that could be valuable in crop improvement and diversification (see above and Catling et al. 2004). Thus they are sources of valuable biodi- versity. The perpetuation of this important ecosyst
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 244 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 119. Figure 5 Dense stand of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) with ground covered mostly by pine litter on the west side of Auburn (approximately ° N, ° W). remnants of this ecosystem provide pollinators for adjacent fruit crops and contain distinctive variants of native crop relatives that could be valuable in crop improvement and diversification (see above and Catling et al. 2004). Thus they are sources of valuable biodi- versity. The perpetuation of this important ecosystem will require not only a system of protected sites but also management of succession and invasive aliens, particularly Scots Pine. Acknowledgments Frances MacKinnon at Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources assisted with access to air photos. Useful comments were provided by W. J. Cody and J. Cayouette. Field assistance was provided by S. P. Vander Kloet and S. Javorek. Documents Cited (marked * in text) Urban Forest Associates Inc. 2002. Invasive exotic species ranking for southern Ontario. 7 pages. org/ (Accessed April 2005). Literature Cited Catling, P. M. 1997. The problem of invading alien trees and shrubs: some observations in Ontario and a Canadian checklist. Canadian Field-Naturalist 111: 338-342. Catling, P. M., S. Carbyn, S. P. Vander Kloet, K. MacKen- zie, S. Javorek, and M. Grant. 2004. Saving Annapolis Heathlands. Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin 37 (1): 12-14 Farrar, J. L. 1995. Trees in Canada. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada. Ottawa. 502 pages. Kaiser, J. 1983. Native and exotic plant species in Ontario: a numerical synopsis. The Plant Press 1: 25-26. Langer, E. R. 1992. Chemical control of wilding conifer seedlings in New Zealand. Plant Protection Quarterly 7(3): 135-139. Riley, J. L. 1989. More invasive aliens. Seasons 29(2): 23. White D. J., E. Haber, and C. Keddy. 1993. Invasive plants of nat
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