. The anatomy of the domestic animals. Veterinary anatomy. BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA 661 branch (Ramus dorsalis) gives off a spinal branch (Ramus spinalis) which passes tlu-ough the intervertebral foramen, gives twigs to the membranes of the spinal cord, perforates the dura, and reinforces the ventral spinal artery. A muscular branch passes to the muscles and skin of the back. The ventral branch (Ramus ventralis) is much the larger. It descends, at first almost in the middle of the intercostal space between the intercostal muscles, then gains the posterior border of the rib, and is subpl
. The anatomy of the domestic animals. Veterinary anatomy. BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA 661 branch (Ramus dorsalis) gives off a spinal branch (Ramus spinalis) which passes tlu-ough the intervertebral foramen, gives twigs to the membranes of the spinal cord, perforates the dura, and reinforces the ventral spinal artery. A muscular branch passes to the muscles and skin of the back. The ventral branch (Ramus ventralis) is much the larger. It descends, at first almost in the middle of the intercostal space between the intercostal muscles, then gains the posterior border of the rib, and is subpleural. Each is accompanied by a vein and nerve, the artery being in the middle and the vein in front. At the ventral part of the space it unites with a ventral intercostal branch of the internal thoracic or the musculo-phrenic artery. It supplies the intercostal muscles, the ribs and the pleura, and gives off perforating branches which pass out to the serratus ventralis, the abdominal muscles, and the skin. 3. The phrenic arteries (Aa. phrenicse) are two or three small vessels which arise at the hiatus aorticus from the ventral aspect of the aorta, often by a common trunk. They supply the crura of the diaphragm. In some cases they arise in common with an intercostal artery. BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA The collateral branches of the abdominal part of the aorta are distributed chiefly to the walls and contents of the abdominal cavity, but some branches are. Fig. —Plan of Branches of C(Eliac .\nTERY of Horse. 1, Coeliac artery; 2, gastric artery; 3, hepatic artery; 4. splenic artery; 5, posterior gastric artery; 6, anterior gastric artery; 7, oesophageal branch; S, gastro-duodenal artery; 9, pancreatico-duodenal artery; 10, right gastro- epiploic artery; 11, pyloric artery; 12, left gastro-epiploic artery; IS, short gastric branches of splenic. supplied to the spinal cord and its membranes, and others extend into the pelvis and to the scrotum. The visceral branches are
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