. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 108.—Right Carpus of Emys europcea. (From above.) i?, Radius ; U, ulna ; , fused radiale and centrale (or centrale 1 and 2, Baur) ; i, intermedium; u, ulnare; 1-5, the carpalia, of which 4 and 5 have become fused together ; t (radiale, Baur) and *, elements on the radial and ulnar side res- pectively, indications of additional radial and ulnar (pisiform) rays ; I-V, the Fig. 109.—Left Carphs of Lacerta agilis. (From above.) R, radius; U, ulna; ii, ul- nare ; i, intermedium ; r, radiale, formed by
. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative. Fig. 108.—Right Carpus of Emys europcea. (From above.) i?, Radius ; U, ulna ; , fused radiale and centrale (or centrale 1 and 2, Baur) ; i, intermedium; u, ulnare; 1-5, the carpalia, of which 4 and 5 have become fused together ; t (radiale, Baur) and *, elements on the radial and ulnar side res- pectively, indications of additional radial and ulnar (pisiform) rays ; I-V, the Fig. 109.—Left Carphs of Lacerta agilis. (From above.) R, radius; U, ulna; ii, ul- nare ; i, intermedium ; r, radiale, formed by the fusion of two elements, one of which corresponds to a prepoUex ; c, cent- rale ; 1-5 ; carpalia ; f, ulna sesamoid (pisiform); /- V, the metacarpals. The distal row consists originally of four small cartilages, but these later undergo a partial fusion. The number of phalanges on the fourth and fifth digits in the manus is greater in the embryos of Crocodiles than in the adult. This indicates that the CrocodiUa have been derived from forms possessing a fin-like fore-limb. In Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus the limbs are modified to form paddles, the digits consisting of numerous phalanges, and additional rays being present in the former genus. In Pterodactylus and Bhamphorhynchus the fourth finger was produced into a long jointed rod, which supported a wing-like expansion of the integument. Amongst the Lacertilia, various degrees of reduction of the extremities may occur, and in certain Snakes {, Python) traces of the hind-limbs exist. Birds.—The fore-limb of Birds is considerably modified by adaptation for flight. The manus loses its primitive character and undergoes reduction, while the brachium and antibrachium, as K. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wiedersheim, Robert, 1848-19
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectanatomycomparative
