. Hardware merchandising January-June 1898 . Dunlop Staff-F. D. MaCfie, Northern Ontario. Dunlop Staff—R. Garland, General Manager for Canada. THE USE OF HARD STEEL. ENGINEERING, March 4, has aneditorial on the use of steel in whichattention is called to the increasingapplication of the harder varieties for im-portant purposes where only the mildergrades were supposed to be allowable. Thus,in steel rails the latest specifications of theNew York Central are quoted as demandinga 100 lb. rail running .65 to .70 in this departure, also, may be laid theexcellent service given by steel axl
. Hardware merchandising January-June 1898 . Dunlop Staff-F. D. MaCfie, Northern Ontario. Dunlop Staff—R. Garland, General Manager for Canada. THE USE OF HARD STEEL. ENGINEERING, March 4, has aneditorial on the use of steel in whichattention is called to the increasingapplication of the harder varieties for im-portant purposes where only the mildergrades were supposed to be allowable. Thus,in steel rails the latest specifications of theNew York Central are quoted as demandinga 100 lb. rail running .65 to .70 in this departure, also, may be laid theexcellent service given by steel axles undercontinually increasing wheel loads. Theexperience of Mr. Metcalf is quoted, infinding a rod with carbon giving thebest service in steam hammers. Bicycletubing shows similar results. The difficultyin using hard steels for structural purposeslies in the trouble experienced with them inthe workshop. Punching and shearing arevery difficult and attended with ruinous. Dunlop Staff—Mr. Weiler, Vancouver Island Depot. results to the material. While the workingrange of the soft steel does not increase asfast as the ultimate strength, with the hardgrades this is the reverse, a spring steelhaving its elastic limit raised very consider-ably by the hardening process. For prac-tical purposes it may be said, in fact, thatthe elastic limit is raised up to the breakingpoint of the hard steel, and this point isunaltered by the hardening treatment. Thisis further confirmed by tests made on harddrawn piano wire, where the results obtain-ed ran up to 270,000 pounds per squareinch for the elastic limit, and from 290 to335,000 for the ultimate strength. Thebanner test was that of a wire broken at theWatertown Arsenal, which gave way at460,000 pounds per square inch. Baus-chinger has proven that the elastic range ofa metal, and the safe working stress areintimately connected, and Dr. Poles obser-vation that the elastic range is increased byhardening as well as the
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