Mongolia: Adai Khan, Mongol Khagan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty (–1438), 20th century. The son of Orug Temur Khan, Adai Khan (1390-1438) was born in 1390, the red horse year. He unified the Mongol clans in the central and eastern territories, and waged war against the Oirats in the west for decades to unify all of Mongolia. He eventually defeated them in 1425 and declared himself khagan. The western Mongols rebelled in 1433 however, crowning their own khan, Tayisung Khan. In 1438, the yellow horse year, Adai was killed by the Oirat prince Togoon while seeking refuge.
In 1415, the western Mongols led by Bahamu, Delbeg and Bolad were defeated by the Ming army which penetrated as far as Tuul River. However, it was a pyrrhic victory and the number of killed was about the same on both sides. The Ming Emperor was persuaded to return by his followers while the Mongols retired northwards. Although Adai Khan did not claim the throne of Great Khan until 1425, he was able to first unify the eastern part and then the central part of the Mongol territory while denouncing the legitimacy of Delbeg Khan, and carried on campaigns against Delbeg, eventually succeeding in defeating and killing Delbeg Khan in 1415, along with many of his Oirats supporters. Delbeg Khan was succeeded by another direct descendant of Ariq Böke, Oyiradai Khan, chosen by the Oirats to boost the legitimacy of their rule. The son of Haruusag Duuren, Adai Khan was born in 1400, the red horse year, he assumed the throne and in 1438, the yellow horse year, he was killed by the Oirat's prince Togoon.
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