. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 518 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. If 1 mjcp. efficient organs of offence and defence, as in tlie Ants, Bees, and Wasps, or else long and slender and but partially retrac- tile and destitute of a poison-gland, as in the Saw-flies, Gull- flies, and IchueumonidsB. The mouth-parts are adapted partly for biting and partly for licking. The mandibles (Fig. 242, mn) are well developed and fitted for biting in all forms, and in the Teu- thredinidse the maxilloe are also like those of
. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 518 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY. If 1 mjcp. efficient organs of offence and defence, as in tlie Ants, Bees, and Wasps, or else long and slender and but partially retrac- tile and destitute of a poison-gland, as in the Saw-flies, Gull- flies, and IchueumonidsB. The mouth-parts are adapted partly for biting and partly for licking. The mandibles (Fig. 242, mn) are well developed and fitted for biting in all forms, and in the Teu- thredinidse the maxilloe are also like those of biting insects, while the inner of the two terminal plates of the labium are united to form a tube, the outer plates remaining separate. In the Bees and Wasps the maxilhe {inx) become elongated and are uo longer adapted for biting, and the inner terminal plates of the labium are fused together to form a luiij; touguelike structure, the glossa [I), the outer plates forming what are termed the paraglossae (pg). The entire apparatus is adapted for biting aud also for licking up the huiiej contained in the nectaries of flowers. The great majority of forms are solitary, but a few Bees {^pis, Bom- hits) and Was])S {Vespa, Sphex) and the Ants [Formioi, Camponohis) form social aggregations with more or less pronounced polymor})hism, to which reference has already been made. The Gall-flies {Cynips) lay their eggs upon the leaves or stems of plants, at the same time injecting a jxiisou which causes a proliferation of the plant-tissues, forming' ;i gall in the interior of which is the larva of the insect; while many forms, such as the Ichneumon-flies, Proctotrupes, Ptero- malm, Microgtister, etc., are parasi<^ic in their larval stago, the eggs being deposited in or xipon the bodies of the larNicnf other insects, a very decided cluv'k being exerted U])oii tin' larvio of injuriouH insects, such as the Cabbage-butterfly, these forms. Pig. 243. —MouTH-rAUTB of Bee, Anthophora (aft
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