. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 121 Fig. 81. 3. Digital Region (Fig. 81).—Here we fiurl five digits, each compcsed of three bony colum- nettes, with tlie exception of the thumb, in which only the second and third phalanges are present. They decrease in length from the third to the first, and the third to the fifth. The first and second phalanges are small semi-cylindrical bones, slightly thickened at their ex- tremities. The ungual phalanges are constricted in their middle, and widened like a horse- slioe at their inferior extremit
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 121 Fig. 81. 3. Digital Region (Fig. 81).—Here we fiurl five digits, each compcsed of three bony colum- nettes, with tlie exception of the thumb, in which only the second and third phalanges are present. They decrease in length from the third to the first, and the third to the fifth. The first and second phalanges are small semi-cylindrical bones, slightly thickened at their ex- tremities. The ungual phalanges are constricted in their middle, and widened like a horse- slioe at their inferior extremity ; the palmar face is roughened, the dorsal face smooth. Article V.—The Hand in General. 1. The limits of this region, as already mentioned, extend from the lower end of the forearm to the third phalanx, inclusive. If it is examined super- ficially, the diiferences it presents in the number and arrangement of the parts composing it are very striking. The digits that terminate the hand are pieces which, from the earliest times, have most occupied the attention of observers. Thus, when we do not go beyond simple appearances, it might be believed that, with regard to the number of digits, there were great diiferences in animals. From this point of view, the domestic animals form a nearly decreasing series, commencing with the Gar- ni vora and terminating with Solipeds. And in relying upon these appearances, some anatomists have dis- tinguished these animals as monodacti/les, , and. regular and irregular tetradadijUs ; but in the generalizations in this work, we have ignored these designations, as they are in complete disaccord with the teachings of philosophical anatomy. In fact, although the Horse appears to have only one digit, the Ox two, the Pig four, the Dog and Cat five, yet the hand in all these creatures may be referred to the pentadactylous type. To demonstrate this unity in composition, the laws promulgated by Grethe with regard to the vege- table kingdom,
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