Annual report . l and the aggressive growth of heather (Calluna vul-garis) in the coppice forests have made this a very difficult andslow as well as expensive process. Here can be seen as nowhereelse the relative ability of different tree species to conquer theheather, for they have tried almost every conceivable combination toovercome its aggressive growth. Prior to the oak coppice forests, heather was not a serious menacein the forests of this range, and the factors which have broughtabout its domination of the soil, while they could not have beenanticipated at that time, are now well enough
Annual report . l and the aggressive growth of heather (Calluna vul-garis) in the coppice forests have made this a very difficult andslow as well as expensive process. Here can be seen as nowhereelse the relative ability of different tree species to conquer theheather, for they have tried almost every conceivable combination toovercome its aggressive growth. Prior to the oak coppice forests, heather was not a serious menacein the forests of this range, and the factors which have broughtabout its domination of the soil, while they could not have beenanticipated at that time, are now well enough understood. The bestexplanation of this ecological condition which we have in Englishis F. V. Covilles investigations on upland heather soil. He foundthat oak leaves do not only decay very slightly but that they aredecidedly acid in reaction even when two or three years old. Inthese forests of the Affoltenbach range the introduction of thecoppice system permitted much sunlight to reach the litter upon the i—i. REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I913 fi S^tw:^z^x eT th,e nrai—°f *™y enormous development of he h W ^ faVOred theforesters in many p7aCes The I / °W tr°UbHng the formations of the rt on !„ h ^ ^ ^^ ™ the rock ebaracter of ££ of th^t^^S £^- *- paSiety 1 s x^ritfred just r-by reason °f its— slow initial growth and n^herTT . ^^i™ ^ ft haS aunaided by i to an mSS^ nT^ ^ ^ sT;: rr;£the spru--J WsJs ;„: returns5 L^t^ to°^^a *« *»* will yield noof one-fourth aJe, with sPZT . shearsTd aTST ^pe of them, barely showing above L den mat of hathTthl probably the principal reasons why white pine is no 1tensely p,anted in many other places abroad In the ^ of ZAffoltenbaeh range the foresters in charge plan to get rid of the »»<.. ,p,„ o,k sM„sto,«sti„ u„a ,„ a large a,2™?rJ;£ 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sides of houses. The villager buys his oak logs from the state orcommunal forest, paying about $50 a thousand feet for good gradematerial. He di
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectscience, bookyear1902
