Science for beginners . H, Baffle plates. iY, Water feed pipe. R, Blow , Steam dome. Y, Pressure gage. X, Safety valve. V. LIQUID FUELS 96. The Burning of Liquid Fuels.—The burning of kero-sene and of gasoline has already been studied. It will beremembered that, in each case, the liquid is first convertedinto a vapor, and then the vapor is burned, using an adequatesupply of air. The same principle is used in burning liquid 94 THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HEAT fuels generally. Crude petroleum is burned by vaporizingit by means of a jet of air or steam, after which the vaporsare burned in the
Science for beginners . H, Baffle plates. iY, Water feed pipe. R, Blow , Steam dome. Y, Pressure gage. X, Safety valve. V. LIQUID FUELS 96. The Burning of Liquid Fuels.—The burning of kero-sene and of gasoline has already been studied. It will beremembered that, in each case, the liquid is first convertedinto a vapor, and then the vapor is burned, using an adequatesupply of air. The same principle is used in burning liquid 94 THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HEAT fuels generally. Crude petroleum is burned by vaporizingit by means of a jet of air or steam, after which the vaporsare burned in the proper supply of air. The gasoline in theautomobile is vaporized and mixed with the proper amountof air in the carbureter, after which the mixture is drawninto the cylinder, compressed to increase the rate of com-bustion, and finally burned within the cylinder (see GasEngines, Chap. XI). VI. GASEOUS FUELS 97. Gaseous Fuels.—These have long been a favorite kindof fuel. Their use in the home and in various industries. TTT^TTPTTT^ c/ryj^x/sv Fig. 74.—An illuminating coal gas plant. has gradually increased. Gaseous fuels are commonly trans-mitted from producer to consumer in pipes. The cost ofpipes makes it unprofitable to transmit the fuel long gases, as acetylene, are transmitted under pressure inmetal tanks. The material for making acetylene, calciumcarbide, may be transmitted long distances profitably. 98. Coal Gas.—Coal gas was the first manufactured gas. GASEOUS FUELS 95 It was used for lighting the streets of London and Paris morethan 100 years ago. In 1817, the city of Baltimore beganto use it for street lighting. The gas is made by distillingsoft coal in air-tight retorts (Fig. 74). The coal containsmany hydrocarbons which leave it when the coal is hydrocarbons at the same time are broken down intosimpler compounds. The gas also contains hydrogen andcarbon monoxid. Because of the hydrocarbons in coal gas itburns with a luminous flame. The
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