salmon leap Salmonidae anadromous journey reproduce fresh water migrate fish pink silver
Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. The fish is pink and silver. Several other fish in the family are called trout. Salmon live in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Great Lakes. Typically, salmon are anadromous: they are born in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, there are rare species that can only survive in fresh water habitats. This is most likely due to the domestication of these certain species of Salmon. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they were born to spawn. In Alaska, the crossing-over to other streams allows salmon to populate new streams, such as those that emerge as a glacier retreats. The precise method salmon use to navigate has not been entirely established, though their keen sense of smell is involved. In all species of Pacific salmon, the mature individuals die within a few days or weeks of spawning, a trait known as semelparity. However, even in those species of salmon that may survive to spawn more than once (iteroparity), post-spawning mortality is quite high (perhaps as high as 40 to 50%.) In order to lay her roe, the female salmon uses her dorsal fin to excavate a shallow depression, called a hole. The hole may sometimes contain 5,000 eggs covering 30 square feet ( m2). The eggs usually range from orange to red in color. One or more males will approach the female in her hole, depositing his sperm, or milk, over the roe. The female then covers the eggs by disturbing the gravel at the upstream edge of the depression before moving on to make another redd. The female will make as many as 7 redds before her supply of eggs is exhausted. The salmon will then die within a few days of spawning. The eggs will hatch into alevin or sac fry. The fry quickly develop into parr with camouflaging vertical stripes.
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Photo credit: © 19th era / Alamy / Afripics
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