Channel Tunnel work train collecting spoil excavated by the boring machine in a rail tunnel for disposal at the surface.
The efficient and speedy removal of spoil (excavated material) is vital to the progress of a tunnel. Here, a work train having delivered support concrete segments, takes spoil away on its return journey to the surface. As the massive Channel Tunnel Boring Machine excavated the rock in the tunnels, workers erected massive pre-cast concrete lining segments just behind to prevent the tunnel from collapsing. Because of the immense pressure of water above the tunnels, a special concrete was developed reinforced with steel cages - stronger even than the concrete used in nuclear power stations. Around 700,000 lining segments were used on the project. The Channel Tunnel is one of the wonders of the modern world. It is thirty-two miles long at an average depth of 45 metres below the sea-bed, the longest undersea tunnel and the second longest rail tunnel in the world (only the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is longer). It was built between 1987 and 1994 by Anglo-French consortium TransManche Link and is owned and operated by Anglo-French Eurotunnel plc. It opened for business in late 1994, offering services including a shuttle train for car, coach and freight vehicles, a Eurostar high-speed passenger service linking London with Paris and Brussels and a rail freight service. The tunnel boring machines were specially designed for excavating the chalk marl rock which lies beneath the seabed along the tunnel route. Digging the tunnel took 15 thousand workers around 170 million man hours over 7 years with tunnelling happening simultaneously from both ends. The Channel Tunnel consists of three parallel tunnels. There are two rail tunnels carrying trains to and from the UK to France and a smaller access tunnel served by narrow rubber-tyred vehicles and connected by transverse passages to the main tunnels at regular intervals. It allows maintenance workers access to the tunnels and provides a safe route for escape during emergencies.
Size: 4157px × 4156px
Location: 40m under seabed, Mid-Channel between UK and France, Europe.
Photo credit: © qaphotos.com / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
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