. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. When labelling, it is of crucial importance that the correct host name is recorded (Eichler 1970). One occasionally comes across finds from study skin col- lections whose authenticity has to be doubted (, when shorebird chewing lice are found on a pigeon). Therefore when evaluating material obtained from study skins it is always necessary to employ a skepti- cal approach and not to jump to hasty conclusions. Fig. Fig. 4: Utensils used in obtaining ectoparasites,
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. When labelling, it is of crucial importance that the correct host name is recorded (Eichler 1970). One occasionally comes across finds from study skin col- lections whose authenticity has to be doubted (, when shorebird chewing lice are found on a pigeon). Therefore when evaluating material obtained from study skins it is always necessary to employ a skepti- cal approach and not to jump to hasty conclusions. Fig. Fig. 4: Utensils used in obtaining ectoparasites, principally chewing lice, from dry bird study skins. - Photo: E. Mey. 5: The confirmation of nits, usually in the head plumage, is a sure indica- tion of chewing lice infes- tation. An unusual case is shown here, where the eggs and clutch of Hohorstiella ectootoca Mey are attached to the dorsal feather tips of a Blue-headed Quail-dove Starnoenas cyanocephala and are thus externally visible. After Mey (1984). 4. SOME RESULTS FROM BIRD STUDY SKIN EXAMINATIONS Just how successful examination of skin material car- ried out using the combined 'shaking out and patting' method can be has been impressively demonstrated, quantitatively as well as qualitatively, by Ward (1957 a,b) in the case of the tinamous. It has to be said that the chewing louse fauna of the Tinamiformes, com- pared with all other orders of recent birds, has by far the highest diversity at ca. 200 species. This was con- firmed by Ward () inasmuch as he was able to obtain from several skins of one Crypturellus sub- species alone 12 Ischnocera species, and a maximum of 9 from only a single skin of the same subspecies. He found several thousand mummified chewing lice on a total of 1500 skins of 130 tinamou species and subspecies. Of the 20 chewing lice genera idenfified (using the most conservative classification), 18 infest only .tinamous. According to Ward's (1957a) find- ings, the host distribution of the chewi
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