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. . ypairs breeding within a space having a diameter of thirtyyards, and that the nests were placed on the ground, beingraised up six or eight inches by means of withered weeds andgrasses; but Wayne, who has also found numerous nests,finds them in rushes or buttonwood bushes, from eight toeighteen inches over water. He noted that the female laidan egg each day after 11 , and on laying the twelfthbegan at once to incubate. This Rail frequents the swampyborders of rivers and fresh-water ponds overgrown with vege-tation. The stomach
. . ypairs breeding within a space having a diameter of thirtyyards, and that the nests were placed on the ground, beingraised up six or eight inches by means of withered weeds andgrasses; but Wayne, who has also found numerous nests,finds them in rushes or buttonwood bushes, from eight toeighteen inches over water. He noted that the female laidan egg each day after 11 , and on laying the twelfthbegan at once to incubate. This Rail frequents the swampyborders of rivers and fresh-water ponds overgrown with vege-tation. The stomach of one specimen was filled with seedsof Arundo tecta; that of another contained a quantity of oats. 1 Morria, Robert O.: Auk, 1896, p. 86. 2 Farley, J. A.: Auk, 1905, p. 409. 3 Townsend, C. W.: Memoirs, Nuttall Orn. Club, No. Ill, Birds of Essex County, Mass., 1905,p. 159. * Reagh, A. L.: Auk, 1903, p. 304. 5 Kennard, F. H.: Auk, 1907, p. 218. 6 Fay, S. Presoott: Auk, 1910, p. 221. BIRDS HUNTED FOR FOOD OR SPORT. 205 CLAPPER RAIL (Rallus crepitans crepitans).. Length. — to 16 inches. Adult. — Above ashy oUve gray striped with oHve brown, but not as dis-tinctly as the King Rail; wings and tail brown; crown and nape brownor dusky; a white stripe from bill to above eye; sides of head, neck,breast and flanks ashy olive gray, turning to white on throat and chinand to pale brownish yellow or buffy on breast; flanks darker, barredwith white; general tone subdued gray with subdued brown tints; billlong, slender and down curved. Field Marks. — Resembles the Virginia Rail and the King Rail in form, butis much larger and grayer or paler than our common Rails; salt-watermarshes mainly. Notes. — Gkak, gkak, gkak, at first loud and rapid, ending lower and slower(Chapman). Nest. — A pile of dead rushes, grasses, etc., in the salt marsh. Eggs. — Seven to twelve, about by , buffy or whitish, rather spar-ingly spotted with reddish brown and obscure purplish. Range.
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