. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. WATER SUPPLY, PLUMBHsTG, ETC., FOR COUNTRY HOMES. 27 into the air chamber. (Seefig. 22.) The water then rebounds back up the drive pipe until forced down again by the weight of the water in the drive pipe, and the operation is repeated. During each momen- tary reflow a small quantity of water is forced into the air chamber, compressing the air. The resulting air pressure forces water up the delivery pipe to the point of delivery. The operation of a ram is continuous, once started, until the valves become worn. The ordi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. WATER SUPPLY, PLUMBHsTG, ETC., FOR COUNTRY HOMES. 27 into the air chamber. (Seefig. 22.) The water then rebounds back up the drive pipe until forced down again by the weight of the water in the drive pipe, and the operation is repeated. During each momen- tary reflow a small quantity of water is forced into the air chamber, compressing the air. The resulting air pressure forces water up the delivery pipe to the point of delivery. The operation of a ram is continuous, once started, until the valves become worn. The ordi- nary small ram completes its cycle about 60 times a minute, the length of stroke of the dash valve governing the number of pulsations per minute. The length of drive pipe is most important and is governed by the ratio of the fall to the elevation. If too long or too short the auto- matic supply of air is interfered with and the efficiency impaired. The length of drive pipe is usually about 7 times the height of fall although this may vary between 5 and 10, depending on the height and distance to which water is to be delivered. The diameter of the drive pipe is usually twice that of the discharge PUfir ymr£^/f suppvr BQ£>r P/PS Fig. 24.—Double acting hydraulic ram, showing method of using a turbid creek supply to pump clear spring water. The proper size of ram to suit certain conditions depends on the following: (1) The flow of water from the source of supply, deter- mined by the time necessary to fill a vessel of known capacity or by weir measurement; (2) the difference between the level of the supply and the lowest point within a reasonable distance for the location of the ram; (3) the distance between the source of supply and the pro- posed location of the ram; (4) the difference in level between the ram location and the highest point to which water is to be delivered; (5) length of pipe necessary to conduct the water to the point of delivery. In purchasing a
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