A treatise on zoology . Group 2 (Starks [420]). They are with-out true spines, and are usually physostomous (with an open pneu-matic duct). As a rule, the parietals are separated and theorbitosphenoids absent. The pelvic fins are abdominal, and mayhave numerous dermal rays; the dorsal fin single, though occa-sionally followed by an adipose fin. In general structure the Esociformes resemble the Clupeiformes,the Cyprinodontids lead towards the Mugiliformes, while theScopelids and Stephanoberycids approach the Acanthopterygii(Boulenger). Fossil forms are known from the Eocene upwards. Tribe 1. Th
A treatise on zoology . Group 2 (Starks [420]). They are with-out true spines, and are usually physostomous (with an open pneu-matic duct). As a rule, the parietals are separated and theorbitosphenoids absent. The pelvic fins are abdominal, and mayhave numerous dermal rays; the dorsal fin single, though occa-sionally followed by an adipose fin. In general structure the Esociformes resemble the Clupeiformes,the Cyprinodontids lead towards the Mugiliformes, while theScopelids and Stephanoberycids approach the Acanthopterygii(Boulenger). Fossil forms are known from the Eocene upwards. Tribe 1. The parietals meet, separating the frontals from the supraoccipital;.the post-temporal is simple ; the neural arches and parapophyses generallyautogenous (Swinnerton). 398 TELEOSTEI Family Galaxiidae. The tootliless maxillary, though behind thepre maxillary, shares in the margin of the mouth. There is no eye-muscle canal, and the interorbital septum is but incompletely has lost the pelvic fins. Fig. truttacetis, Cuv. (After Giinther.) Galaxias, Cuv. (Fig. 389); rivers of S. Africa, S. Australasia, andS. America. Neochanna, Gthr. ; New Zealand. Family Haplochitonidae. Differ from the former in the exclusionof the maxillary from the margin of the jaw, the presence of an eye-muscle canal, and an adipose fin. Prototrodes has small scales. Haplochiton, Jen.; S. America. Prototrodes, Gthr. ; Australasia. Tribe 2. The frontals join the supraoccipital so as to separate the parietals, theparapophyses when present are fused to the centra, and usually there isno eye-muscle canal. Sub-Tribe A. The maxillae are not excluded from the margin ofthe mouth ; there are no parapophyses on most of the precaudal vertebrae. Family Enchodoxtidae. An extinct family from the Cretaceous,related to the Scopelidae, naked or with small scales, and sometimes withdermal scutes. Usually an adipose fin. The maxilla may be toothed,the preopercular may have a spine (Halec,
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