China: 'Signing of the Treaty of Tientsin'. Engraving from 'Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China', 1860. The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is the collective name for a series of documents signed at Tianjin (then romanised as Tientsin) in June 1858. Counted among the 'unequal treaties' the Qing dynasty were forced to sign, they involved the United Kingdom, the Second French Empire, the Russian Empire and the United States. Ending the first phase of the Second Opium War, the treaties saw more Chinese ports opened to foreign trade and opium legalised.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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