Journal of electricity, power, and gas . period we need a 6600 kw. plant. Similarlyduring the summer, between 8 and 12 p. m. we needa 4600 kw. plant and for the remainder of the day a2600 kw. plant would do. Taking up the matter of fixed charges, in viewof the foregoing it would be eminently unfair to assessthis class of charges against the customers during anyone moment except in proportion to the size of plantrequired by the aggregate of customers during thisunit of time. We may therefore lay it down as a gen-eral rule, that the fixed charge component of the rateper kilowatt per hour during
Journal of electricity, power, and gas . period we need a 6600 kw. plant. Similarlyduring the summer, between 8 and 12 p. m. we needa 4600 kw. plant and for the remainder of the day a2600 kw. plant would do. Taking up the matter of fixed charges, in viewof the foregoing it would be eminently unfair to assessthis class of charges against the customers during anyone moment except in proportion to the size of plantrequired by the aggregate of customers during thisunit of time. We may therefore lay it down as a gen-eral rule, that the fixed charge component of the rateper kilowatt per hour during any one hour of the 24,is the fixed charge corresponding to a plant of the sizerequired during that hour, divided by the number ofhours during the year in this hour that the plantis used, and divided by the total kilowatts duringthis hour, per power component. Thus if p« kw. arecoming on during an hour when the substation load isused continuously during the year, pi kw. are used JOURNAL OF ELECTRICITY, POWER AND GAS [Vol. XXXII—No. 3. Fig. 2. m hours per year, p2 are used n= hours per year,etc., and if so, si, s», etc., are the corresponding fixedcharges, then if a customer has a load of k kilowattsthe fixed charge component of his rate would be So Si s= s™R = (— 1 1 1 )kP» 365 X 24 X p» ni pi in p= nm p™kw. where P™ = po -\- pi -f- p= + + pm. The part in the parenthesis is our fixed chargecomponent of the rate per kw. during that hour. Inpresent rates this component of the rate is simply S Rf =E( ) per kw. of maximum demand 365 X 24 X Pwhen P is the aggregate maximum demand duringthe year, and S the corresponding fixed charge. Eis the sliding scale factor by which the heaviestburden is placed on the small users. It is evident from the above, that the presentrates, where otherwise justifiable in the aggregate,makes the lighting rate considered as a whole toolow, while the power rate is too high. So also is thesummer rate, as a rule, too high as compared withwinter
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