. Animal biology. Biology; Zoology; Physiology. 472 ANIMAL BIOLOGY attained. In looking for the effective cause of adaptation Aristotle rejected the hypothesis of Empedocles (495-435 ), which em- bodied in crude form the idea of the survival of the fittest, and substituted secondary natural laws to account for the apparent design in nature. This was a sound induction by Aristotle from his necessarily limited knowledge of nature, but had he accepted the idea to account for adaptations, perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to regard him as "the literal prophet of ;. Fi
. Animal biology. Biology; Zoology; Physiology. 472 ANIMAL BIOLOGY attained. In looking for the effective cause of adaptation Aristotle rejected the hypothesis of Empedocles (495-435 ), which em- bodied in crude form the idea of the survival of the fittest, and substituted secondary natural laws to account for the apparent design in nature. This was a sound induction by Aristotle from his necessarily limited knowledge of nature, but had he accepted the idea to account for adaptations, perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to regard him as "the literal prophet of ;. Fig. 308. — Erasmus Darwin. The thread of continuity in evolutionary thought is not broken from Aristotle to the present, but from the strictly biological viewpoint two Frenchmen, Buffon and Lamarck, and two English- men, Erasmus Darwin and his grandson, Charles Darwin, stand preeminent. Buffon (1707-1788) was a peculiarly happy combination of entertainer and scientist who found expression in each new volume of his great Natural History. And it was largely, so to speak, be- tween the lines of this work that Buffon's evolutionary ideas were displayed; apparently beyond the reach of the censor and dilettante. It is not strange, therefore, that it is often difficult to decide just how much weight is to be placed on some of his statements; though certainly it is not exaggerating to ascribe to him not only the recog- nition of the factors of geographical isolation, struggle for existence,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Woodruff, Lorande Loss, 1879-1947. New York The Macmillan company
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