. Indika. The country and the people of India and Ceylon . dmin-istration. Hitherto the governments of Bombay, Madras, andCalcutta had been independent presidencies. But in 1773 theRegulating Act was adopted, by which a governor-general wasappointed for all India, and the three presidencies were unitedby a Supreme Council and by a Court of Judicature. This newarrangement for the civil government of India has continued,with minor changes, down to the present time. The ecclesias-tical establishment in India was organized in 1813, by which abishop of Calcutta was appointed, with an archdeacon, an
. Indika. The country and the people of India and Ceylon . dmin-istration. Hitherto the governments of Bombay, Madras, andCalcutta had been independent presidencies. But in 1773 theRegulating Act was adopted, by which a governor-general wasappointed for all India, and the three presidencies were unitedby a Supreme Council and by a Court of Judicature. This newarrangement for the civil government of India has continued,with minor changes, down to the present time. The ecclesias-tical establishment in India was organized in 1813, by which abishop of Calcutta was appointed, with an archdeacon, and latera bishop, in the capital of each presidency. Middleton was thefirst bishop, and Heber, Wilson, and Cotton were his worthysuccessors. INDIA IN IIIsroiiY 71 IV. supremacy of England was nowapparently complete. Bui there were three importanl require-ments on which the permanence of English rule depended. Thefirst was the safe and wise introduction of reforms; the secondwas the annexation of contiguous territory and the absorption. WARREN HASTINGS of its threatening population into submissive subjects; and thethird was the ability to conquer one of the most appalling andwidespread mutinies known in modern times. All these require-ments were fully met by the wisdom, justice, and unsurpassedheroism of the statesmen and the soldiers who represented Eng- 72 INDIKA. land in the administration and authority of her Indian this period of about forty years the army in India wasengaged in no less than six military expeditions, which, in sev-eral instances, assumed the magnitude of formal wTarfare. frontier was threatened by the Burmese demand, in1818, for the cession of Chittagong, Murshidabad, and result was a war, which began in 1824, and was successfullyterminated in 1826 by the cession of an important part of Bur-mese territory to England, and the pledge of the Burmese gov-ernment to maintain the relations of amity and peac
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