. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN Nr. 58/2011 small retrolatero-dorsal apophysis and more or less distinct ventral protuberance, tarsus without dorsal elongation, tarsal organ capsulate, procursus with ventral 'knee', with 2-3 dorsal spines. Male bulb with uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus, simple flat ap- pendix that is characteristically twisted. Legs long, tibia 1 in males usually (shorter in Ph. kam- kaly: ), tibia 1 L/d -50-70, legs without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs, tibiae with three trichobothria each except tibi
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN Nr. 58/2011 small retrolatero-dorsal apophysis and more or less distinct ventral protuberance, tarsus without dorsal elongation, tarsal organ capsulate, procursus with ventral 'knee', with 2-3 dorsal spines. Male bulb with uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus, simple flat ap- pendix that is characteristically twisted. Legs long, tibia 1 in males usually (shorter in Ph. kam- kaly: ), tibia 1 L/d -50-70, legs without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs, tibiae with three trichobothria each except tibia 1 (prolateral trichobothrium absent), retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at -6-7%. Abdomen long oval to cylindri- cal, without cuticular pattern, male gonopore with four epiandrous spigots, ALS with eight spigots each, PMS with two small spigots each (SEM characters examined in Ph. ponticus only). Sexual dimorphism slight, female body size as in males, chelicerae unmodified. Epigynum with 'knob', internal genitalia with pair of round to oval pore- plates. Monophyly. The species share a flat, twisted appendix (char. 59; Figs. 1691, 1693, 1695). Relationships. The male cheliceral armature (char. 18), the sclerotized epigynum (char. 65), and the procursus with dorsal spines (char. 38) place this group in a polytomy together with other mostly Palaearctic Pholcus species groups (Fig. 26); the de- tailed relationships with other species groups in this polytomy remain obscure. Within the group, three species {Ph. ponticus. Ph. sogdianae. Ph. arkit) have very similar palps (general shape, uncus, appendix, procursus) and may form a monophylum. The as- signment of Ph. velitchkovskyi to this species group is tentative (I have only seen the 3 $ syntypes deposited in NHMW). Natural history. Most specimens have been collected from protected spaces close to the ground, from shelters, under large stones, and from houses. Distribution. The group is mainly known from Cen- tral Asia (
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, booksubjectzoology
