Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the year ended June 30, 1897 . under your authority, anextended examination of schools for the deaf in Europe, a full accountof which was published in connection with the tenth annual report ofthis institution. In the forty-four schools then visited essential differences in themethods of instruction employed were observed which led to the follow-ing classification and designation, viz: (1) The natural (manual) method, founded by the Abbe de lEpee inFrance in 1760, based on a free use of the natural language of thedeaf-mute, that of pantomimic
Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the year ended June 30, 1897 . under your authority, anextended examination of schools for the deaf in Europe, a full accountof which was published in connection with the tenth annual report ofthis institution. In the forty-four schools then visited essential differences in themethods of instruction employed were observed which led to the follow-ing classification and designation, viz: (1) The natural (manual) method, founded by the Abbe de lEpee inFrance in 1760, based on a free use of the natural language of thedeaf-mute, that of pantomimic gestures; employing this, however, asa means only to the end in view, which is the induction of the mute tosociety by making him acquainted with the vocabulary, the grammar,and the idioms of his vernacular, thus empowering him to read under-standing^ and write correctly the language of the country where heresides. The extent of education which may follow this great aim ofthe natural (manual) method depends, of course, only on the means,disposition, and talents of the COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 631 (2) The artificial (oral) method, founded nearly simultaneously bySamuel Heinicke in Germany and Thomas Braid wood in Scotlandabout the year 170), which has for its principal aim the developmentby unnatural processes of the power of speech, and the training of theeye of the mute to perform, as far as possible, the part of the palsiedear, by discerning the meaning of spoken words from the changes inposition of the vocal organs. The natural language of the mute is, inschools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and itsexistence as a language capable of being made the reliable and pre-cise vehicle for the widest range of thought is ignored. The extent ofintellectual culture opened to mutes under this method is less within agiven number of years than that afforded by the first method. (3) The combined system. Under this head were classed th
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