A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . Fic. .>:.. — of mouks in thetwelfth century. From a niartyrolo-gium of 11,«. Stuttgart, Royal Li-brary. (From von Hefner-.\lteneck.) ARCHITECTURE. 125 or form, during the whole period. Important as the role then playedby the laity was, in literature it receives no word of few rhymes that the age produced were by churchmen, whotreated only spiritual subjects. The case was the same in the domain of the plastic arts, andparticularly in that of architecture. As regards productivene


A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . Fic. .>:.. — of mouks in thetwelfth century. From a niartyrolo-gium of 11,«. Stuttgart, Royal Li-brary. (From von Hefner-.\lteneck.) ARCHITECTURE. 125 or form, during the whole period. Important as the role then playedby the laity was, in literature it receives no word of few rhymes that the age produced were by churchmen, whotreated only spiritual subjects. The case was the same in the domain of the plastic arts, andparticularly in that of architecture. As regards productiveness, theperiod excites astonishment; but as far as variety is concerned, it issingularly meagre. The complete predominance of the Romanesquestyle is in keeping with the absolute supremacy of the Romish. Fifi. 5:!. — St. Front at Perigueiix. Designed in the tenth century, after St. Marks inVenice, as a cruciform church with live Joiues, the model for many cliurchesin southwestern France. church, whose aspiring and domineering spirit and unity of organiza-tion are admirably typified by the form of its imposing and compactcathedrals (Fig. 53). Kings and prelates were the patrons towhom these masterpieces owed their origin. The burglier class— wliich at a later day was to rear the proudest monuments in thisdomain — was yet too much engrossed in vindicating for itself afuller measure of freedom and in slowly accumulating wealtli, to takepart in works of this character. Secular architecture (Figs. 54-58)kept pace with ecclesiastical. Royal and episcopal palaces roseby the side of the mighty cathedrals, while the more numerously 126 WESTERN CIVILIZATION FROM 1050 TO 1150. peopled cities made rapid advances in the constniction of moreartistically fortified strongholds. For Germany it s


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