. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . r. ii. p. 995), across the lineto Masai-Land (Fischer, Journ. , pp. 296, 301, 337), the south-east shores of Lake Victoria Nyanza(Reichenow, Journ. Orn. 18S7, p. 47),the basin of Lake Tanganyika (Bohm,Journ. Orn. 1S86, p. 435), the valley ofthe Zambesi (Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 331),to Zulu-Land, where it is not uncommonon the shores of the lagoons in Bay (Layard, Ibis, 1871, p. 106). The affinities of this very aberrantLapwing are difficult to determine, but its rese


. The geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, or the plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and their allies . r. ii. p. 995), across the lineto Masai-Land (Fischer, Journ. , pp. 296, 301, 337), the south-east shores of Lake Victoria Nyanza(Reichenow, Journ. Orn. 18S7, p. 47),the basin of Lake Tanganyika (Bohm,Journ. Orn. 1S86, p. 435), the valley ofthe Zambesi (Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 331),to Zulu-Land, where it is not uncommonon the shores of the lagoons in Bay (Layard, Ibis, 1871, p. 106). The affinities of this very aberrantLapwing are difficult to determine, but its resemblance to the Jacanas and the Rails isprobably only a case of analogy. In the struggle for existence the ancestors of this curiousbird appear to have turned their backs upon the steppe (or veldt to use a South-African term), and to have found a suitable feeding-ground on the floating vegetation ofrivers and lakes. Similarity of habits has apparently produced similarity of structure,but there cannot be much doubt that the real affinities of V. crassirostris are withV. speciosus, V. spinosus, and V. Specificcharacters. Geographi-cal distribu-tion. Not allied tothe Hails. Nearestallies. 216 VANELLTJS. \* Subgeneric group with a hind toe and a spur,f South-American Species.


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