. A short history of England and the British Empire. r at Iona and introducedChristianity among the Picts. The two kingdoms led a separateKenneth existence for three centuries; but in 844 Kenneth MacAipine. MacAlpine, king of the Scots, whose mother wasa princess from Pictland, also became king of thePicts. Scone became the capital of this Highland kingdom, sofar as any capital really existed, and the whole country wascalled Scotland. But south of the Forth was the Anglian dis-trict of Lothian, which was a part of Northumbria, and in thesouthwest was the Welsh kingdom of Strathclyde, which als
. A short history of England and the British Empire. r at Iona and introducedChristianity among the Picts. The two kingdoms led a separateKenneth existence for three centuries; but in 844 Kenneth MacAipine. MacAlpine, king of the Scots, whose mother wasa princess from Pictland, also became king of thePicts. Scone became the capital of this Highland kingdom, sofar as any capital really existed, and the whole country wascalled Scotland. But south of the Forth was the Anglian dis-trict of Lothian, which was a part of Northumbria, and in thesouthwest was the Welsh kingdom of Strathclyde, which alsoincluded the northwestern counties of modern England. In 1018, just after the conquest of England by Cnut andbefore the Dane was strong enough to risk war, the Scots 1 Innes, I, 140-143. THE MAKEUP OF SCOTLAND i37 invaded Northumbria, seized Lothian, and extended theirboundaries to the river Tweed. Sixteen years Conquest oflater the kingdom of Strathclyde was absorbed Lthian. the consolidation was complete except for the fact that. % GOIDSCHMIOMK m 1 SCOTLAND about 800Scale of Miles West from Greenwich the three adjacent groups of islands, the Hebrides, the Orkneys,and the Shetlands, were still for some time held Strathciydeby the Norwegians, who had colonized them cen- added to Scot-turies before. In 1266 the Hebrides were addedto the Scottish crown, but the other two groups remained underNorwegian rule for two centuries longer. 138 THE WAR WITH FRANCE 121. English Influence in Scotland. The annexation ofLothian brought far-reaching consequences, for Lothian wasEn lish English and from this section English civilizationelements and English speech spread throughout the kingdomin Scotland. untn the Cdtic elements lost controL The capital was moved from Scone to Edinburgh, an ancient English townin Northern Lothian. The language of the capital was Eng-lish, for what is known as Scotch is merely a dialect of old Gaelic speech, however, persisted in the Highlan
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