. Liberty in the nineteenth century . 1823, by a French army. Thepeasants took sides with the invaders, and manypatriots were massacred by the populace. Absolutemonarchy and other ancient iniquities were restored,but not the Inquisition. France would have goneon to subdue the rebels in South America for herown benefit; but this was prevented by the BritishMinistry, which was now showing the liberalisinginfluence of peace. Napoleons despotism had the awful and banefulgrandeur of an eruption of Vesuvius; but his de-spicable enemies merely kept up the oppression ofhis empire without its glory. Th
. Liberty in the nineteenth century . 1823, by a French army. Thepeasants took sides with the invaders, and manypatriots were massacred by the populace. Absolutemonarchy and other ancient iniquities were restored,but not the Inquisition. France would have goneon to subdue the rebels in South America for herown benefit; but this was prevented by the BritishMinistry, which was now showing the liberalisinginfluence of peace. Napoleons despotism had the awful and banefulgrandeur of an eruption of Vesuvius; but his de-spicable enemies merely kept up the oppression ofhis empire without its glory. Their work com-pleted his, as the last of the petty emperors atRome and Constantinople showed the legitimatetendency of the political system of the mightyfounder. Caesar and Napoleon had much in com-mon as conquerors; but it showed far more great-ness to found an empire which endured for fifteencenturies, than one which held together for scarcelyas many years. Even that length of despotism wassadly too long for the welfare of CHAPTER II FRUITS OF PEACE EXIGENCIES of war had given the British noblesa despotic power,which they retained long afterit ceased to be needed for the nations safety. TheKing was their puppet and Parliament their laws were framed and administered for theirprotection and emolument. Clergy, army, militia,and police were all organised for keeping the peopledown; and education could do nothing to raise thelowly. Pensions and salaries, even in the Church,were reserved for members and servants of the aristo-cracy, with little care for the public good. Wageswere low, food dear, illiteracy common, and paupersnumerous. Even the middle class was in great partdisfranchised; taxation was needlessly severe; thepress was restricted grievously; and Ireland wasshamefully oppressed. I. As public attention ceased to be absorbed byvictorious generals, it turned to the miseries of thepoor; and there was much discussion of plans fortheir relief. Early in t
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