Journal of bacteriology . cessive use elsewhere on thesame line and subsequent cessation of this unusual consumptionof water. Indeed a control series of plates of water samples takenat five minute intervals from a bubble fountain shows wide vari-ation in bacterial count due partly to variation in the pressure is suddenly increased the pipes are vigorouslyflushed and the bacterial count is higher. Keith^ (2) has sug-gested a modified form of fountain which automatically regu- 2 Keith, S. C, Jr. Amer. Jour, of Public Hygiene, 1910, 20, 163. 478 DOROTHY F. PETTIBONE, F. B. BOGART AN
Journal of bacteriology . cessive use elsewhere on thesame line and subsequent cessation of this unusual consumptionof water. Indeed a control series of plates of water samples takenat five minute intervals from a bubble fountain shows wide vari-ation in bacterial count due partly to variation in the pressure is suddenly increased the pipes are vigorouslyflushed and the bacterial count is higher. Keith^ (2) has sug-gested a modified form of fountain which automatically regu- 2 Keith, S. C, Jr. Amer. Jour, of Public Hygiene, 1910, 20, 163. 478 DOROTHY F. PETTIBONE, F. B. BOGART AND P. F. CLARK lates the flow so that regardless of pressure changes, the heightof the jet will remain constant. But why retain a vertical column of water when it is obviouslythe upward direction of flow which more than any other factorrenders the bubble fountain unsafe? A fountain (see fig. 1) wasconstructed with a simple tube, having no crevices or complica-tions placed at an angle of about 55 degrees from the vertical.^. \ 1 V t Fig. 1. Simple Type of Fountain Which Should Be Generally Contaminating Organisms Are Retained in the Jet or Water Even with a minimal stream flowing from this type of fountain,the introduced organisms were all immediately washed away andnever did we find a single B. prodigiosus colony even on the platespoured immediately after the introduction of the organisms. This simple type of fountain with an adequate collar guard toprevent possible contact with the orifice would, we believe, solvethe problem and furnish water uncontaminated by human lij>seven to a constant succession of thirsty persons. s Later experiments have shown that a tube erected at an angle of 15 degreesfrom the vertical is adequate to prevent organisms from dancing on thecolumn of water. This makes the construction of a safe bubble fountain muchmore practicable. THE HYGIENE OF THE BUBBLE FOUNTAIN 479 TABLE 7 New model fountain with a small stream of water issuing from a s
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