. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 4, p. 82 Asiatic Herpetological Research February 1992. FIG. 5. Phrynocephalus guttatus from the west side of the Caspian Sea in Chechen-Ingush, Russia. Sea in the west to the Fergan Depression in the east. This species apparently did not reach beyond the limits of the dry subtropic climatic belt. The same is observed at the present (Fig. 4). In such context, the opinion of Golubev (1989b) on the unity of the origin of P. moltschanovi and P. reticulatus from the forms penetrating here from the
. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 4, p. 82 Asiatic Herpetological Research February 1992. FIG. 5. Phrynocephalus guttatus from the west side of the Caspian Sea in Chechen-Ingush, Russia. Sea in the west to the Fergan Depression in the east. This species apparently did not reach beyond the limits of the dry subtropic climatic belt. The same is observed at the present (Fig. 4). In such context, the opinion of Golubev (1989b) on the unity of the origin of P. moltschanovi and P. reticulatus from the forms penetrating here from the north in the middle Pleistocene seems to us doubtful. The eastern branch of the P. guttatus complex, i. e. Phrynocephalus versicolor was widespread north and northeast of the Tien Shan (Mountains), (Fig. 4). Isolation of Phrynocephalus rossikowi (Fig. 4) could have taken place on the dense river sediments of the Amu Darya (River) which flowed into the Caspian Sea at that time. The Pliocene raising of Asia Minor and the Iranian Plateau had apparently already led to disjunction of the area inhabited by the ancestor of Phrynocephalus helioscopus and also by some species of the genus Trapelus with similar ecological requirements. The diverged populations of P. helioscopus, P. helioscopus persicus (P. persicus, Meszszerin and Golubev, 1989; Nikolsky, 1915), could probably have separated in the Pliocene. In the middle of the Pliocene a sinking process occured in the sand deserts of Middle Asia to the slightly elevated Zaunguz Plateau. However, on the Turgai Plateau in western Betpak-Dala and on the Ustyrt Plateau the raising of the Kysil-Kum and Mangyshlak was no longer restored by the regime of accumulation . The relief continued to develope slowly by an erosion and denudation process (Voskresensky, 1968). It was in the middle of the Pliocene that the disjunction of the continuous range of Phrynocephalus reticulatus took place. That led to isolation of three relict. Please note tha
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