. Bonn zoological bulletin. Zoology. 60 Gertha Wilhelm et Fig. 2. Path diagram 1 showing 6 predictor variables and a residual effecting one criterion (var 3, nreh, number of escape holes, an animal related variate), R2= The path diagram explains of the variance of the criterion. Only significant paths are shown. The significance of paths was determined by random permutational test; 10000 iterations each; Bonferroni Correction. Simple arrows indicate the direction of influences of the predictors to the criterion (= direct paths), double arrows indicate the cor- relation be
. Bonn zoological bulletin. Zoology. 60 Gertha Wilhelm et Fig. 2. Path diagram 1 showing 6 predictor variables and a residual effecting one criterion (var 3, nreh, number of escape holes, an animal related variate), R2= The path diagram explains of the variance of the criterion. Only significant paths are shown. The significance of paths was determined by random permutational test; 10000 iterations each; Bonferroni Correction. Simple arrows indicate the direction of influences of the predictors to the criterion (= direct paths), double arrows indicate the cor- relation between predictor variables. The strength of influence is given by the value of the path coefficient. from var 8, runs, to the criterion and is negative and very highly significant: the more undeveloped seeds, the few- er escape holes. The fourth direct path proceeds from var 9, nrss, to the criterion and is negative and very highly sig- nificant: the more spoiled seeds per capsule, the fewer open escape holes. In addition, several indirect effects are apparent. Both direct and indirect paths in the diagram must be combined to indicate an overall influence on the criterion. The most important indirect path proceeds from nrla to the criterion via nrds, and is very highly signifi- cant: the more larvae, the fewer well developed seeds and the more escape holes (indirect effect: * = ). Direct and indirect paths are mu- tually counteracting, therefore it is the summation of all effects that indicates the overall influence on the criteri- on, which in this case is negative: direct effect: nrla -> nreh plus indirect effect: nrla -> nrds -> nreh results in an overall effect A sec- ond indirect effect proceeds from nrla to the criterion via nrpu, nrne and nrds: the more larvae, the more pupae and the more not emerged adults means that there are fewer well developed seeds and more escape holes in the seed capsule (
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