. The Canadian field-naturalist. STAQINQ WEEK 120 100 GO eo 40 20 (- 0 No. of •merging »tem»/m2 COMMUNITY B <N - 16). DATE 80 No. of emerging »t»m»/m2 60 COMMUNITY D (N - 16) *** *** 40 /^ ** / * 20 n . : , , STAQINQ WEEK Figure 2. Density of emerging shoots in grazed and ungrazed stations within the different plant communities of the Scirpus marsh of the Montmagny sanctuary in Quebec, 1985 - 1987. * = P < , ** = P < , *** = P 50 000 and >290 000 goose-days, respectively. A total of 875 10-min periods of behavioural observation have been realized. Overall, birds spent relat
. The Canadian field-naturalist. STAQINQ WEEK 120 100 GO eo 40 20 (- 0 No. of •merging »tem»/m2 COMMUNITY B <N - 16). DATE 80 No. of emerging »t»m»/m2 60 COMMUNITY D (N - 16) *** *** 40 /^ ** / * 20 n . : , , STAQINQ WEEK Figure 2. Density of emerging shoots in grazed and ungrazed stations within the different plant communities of the Scirpus marsh of the Montmagny sanctuary in Quebec, 1985 - 1987. * = P < , ** = P < , *** = P 50 000 and >290 000 goose-days, respectively. A total of 875 10-min periods of behavioural observation have been realized. Overall, birds spent relatively more time grubbing in autumn than in spring (78% vs 59%; P<). A greater proportion of their time in spring was spent searching (27% vs 10%; P<) and grazing also was more intense in this season (4% vs <1%; P<) (Figure 3). The overall feeding success of geese was higher during the autumn staging ( ± ) compared to spring ( ±) (). In autumn 1985, geese spent more time searching in community D than in community A (P<) (Figure 3). No observations were made in communi- ties B and C during that season. Feeding success was also lower in community D (; Table 3). In autumn 1986, no difference was observed in activity patterns of foraging geese among all four communities (P>; Figure 3). Feeding success and searching speed did not differ either (P>). In spring, the activity budget of foraging geese consistently differed among communities, in both 1986 and 1987 (Figure 3). Geese spent more time searching and less time grubbing in community D than in any other (P<; Figure 3). The time spent grazing and the searching speed were also highest there in spring 1986 (). Finally, feeding success did not differ among communities in 1986 (P>). In 1987, however, feeding succes was highest in community B (P<). We also investigated seasonal changes in goose activity budgets within each staging
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