An American history . as i860, thebest time made between New York and Chicago was thirty-eight hours. 536. Post Office and Express. With the growth of rail-roads came imjirovcmcnts in the Post Office 1847 postage stamps were introduced, and in 1863 the rateon a sealed letter was reduced to three cents, which remainedthe charge for many years thereafter. Packages, however,were not carried either by the post office or by the , small express companies came into existence. In1854 a large company, the Adams Express, was organizedand began to operate on an extensive
An American history . as i860, thebest time made between New York and Chicago was thirty-eight hours. 536. Post Office and Express. With the growth of rail-roads came imjirovcmcnts in the Post Office 1847 postage stamps were introduced, and in 1863 the rateon a sealed letter was reduced to three cents, which remainedthe charge for many years thereafter. Packages, however,were not carried either by the post office or by the , small express companies came into existence. In1854 a large company, the Adams Express, was organizedand began to operate on an extensive scale. Not long after,Wells, Fargo and Company organized an express system on thePacific coast. 537. Inventions. Business was further stimulated by in-ventions. In 1845 ^^^ McCormick reaper began revolution-izing methods in farming. In 1846 Elias Howe invented thesewing machine. In 1847 ^^e rotary printing press wasinvented by Richard Hoe. These were but a few of manyinventions that soon made American ingenuity famous. THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 381 throughout the world. Perhaps the most important inventionof that day was the electric telegraph designed by Samuel F. The first successful line was operated in 1844. Oneof the earliest messages was the news, sent from Baltimore toWashington, that Polk had been nominated for President. 538. New Industries. With the inventions came increasedopportunity to use them. Oil was discovered in Pennyslvaniain 1859, and gave rise to an enormous quantity of new busi-ness. Mining also became one of the chief industries; coal,iron, copper, silver, and gold, all were produced in abundance. 539. Industrial Conditions. Industrial conditions werechanging fast. The rapid increase of wealth and new con-ditions of labor created new problems. On the one hand,capital began combining into great corporations from whichsprang the trusts of the present day; banking became moreand more important, and in 1853 the New York clearing housewas o
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