. Bio-ecology. Plant ecology; Animal ecology; Botany; Ecology; Zoology. 114 COACTION: THE INTERRELATIONS OF ORGANISMS porary nests. Examples of this among lepidopterous larvae and spiders are common. (See Figs. 25, 26, and 27.) The trunks of trees when hollow afford home sites for small mam- mals, reptiles, and insects. Comb-making bees often utilize such cavi- ties. A goodly number of Coleoptera and a few Lepidoptera and Hy- menoptera burrow into dead wood, which serves as shelter and for most of the insects it also supplies food. The larvae of click beetles and the larvae and adults of rove
. Bio-ecology. Plant ecology; Animal ecology; Botany; Ecology; Zoology. 114 COACTION: THE INTERRELATIONS OF ORGANISMS porary nests. Examples of this among lepidopterous larvae and spiders are common. (See Figs. 25, 26, and 27.) The trunks of trees when hollow afford home sites for small mam- mals, reptiles, and insects. Comb-making bees often utilize such cavi- ties. A goodly number of Coleoptera and a few Lepidoptera and Hy- menoptera burrow into dead wood, which serves as shelter and for most of the insects it also supplies food. The larvae of click beetles and the larvae and adults of rove beetles, ground beetles, etc., which also are predatory, find shelter in dead wood. A few Hymenoptera make tunnels into wood in which to lay their eggs, but they are not important as regards influence. REPRODUCTIVE AND SOCIAL COACTIONS The reproductive coaction involves mating or the fertilization of the eggs, which calls forth aggregations of individuals. The swarming of marine worms is one of the outstanding types of assemblage for the. Fig. 28.—Defense circle of the musk ox {Ovibos moschatus Zim.)- It is an excel- lent defense against wolves and also affords protection to the young. (Sketched from a photograph by D. B. MacMillan in a report by American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, 1934.) lower invertebrates; this brings individuals into close contact and permits fertilization of eggs cast into the water. In terrestrial commu- nities the choosing of mates, sometimes accompanied by fierce contests between males, is a well-known coaction. The care of young is often of much greater importance in the com- munity than nest building in itself, as it involves a greater drain on the food supply. This is especially true among birds, which collect enormous amounts of animal food to nourish their rapidly developing young. The hiding of the young by many mammals is important and varies as to method. Certain rabbits secrete the young individually, the litter being s
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubje, booksubjectbotany, booksubjectzoology
