. Elements of modern chemistry . ury of the trough. Things being thusarranged, the inferior extremity of the eudiometer is closedby an iron cap, and the charged plate of an electrophorus isapproached to the upper button. A spark instantly passes be-tween the two buttons in the eudiometer, and a bright flash isseen to fill the whole space occupied by the gaseous combination of the two gases has taken place with thedevelopment of luminous heat. Water has been formed, andis condensed in drops too small to be perceptible. If now theeudiometer be opened, by removing the cap which closes
. Elements of modern chemistry . ury of the trough. Things being thusarranged, the inferior extremity of the eudiometer is closedby an iron cap, and the charged plate of an electrophorus isapproached to the upper button. A spark instantly passes be-tween the two buttons in the eudiometer, and a bright flash isseen to fill the whole space occupied by the gaseous combination of the two gases has taken place with thedevelopment of luminous heat. Water has been formed, andis condensed in drops too small to be perceptible. If now theeudiometer be opened, by removing the cap which closes itunder the mercury, the latter at once rises to the top of thetube, and fills the whole of the space at first occupied by thehydrogen and oxygen. These gases have then combined exactlyin the proportion of 10 volumes of the first to 5 of the second,or more simply, in the proportion of 2 volumes to 1 volume. If the eudiometer-tube be now surrounded by a wider glasstube, and the latter be filled with oil heated to 120°, the heat. GAY-LUSSACS LAWS.—ATOMIC THEORY. 29 communicated to the eudiometer will be sufficient to convertinto steam the water which was condensed, and it may beproved, all corrections being made, that the vapor occupies avolume equal to exactly 10 cubic centimetres ; that is, a volumeequal to that of the hydrogen employed. From the facts thus established we draw the conclusion that2 volumes of hydrogen exactly combine with 1 volume ofoxygen to form 2 volumes of vapor of water. There is thus determined a simple ratio not only betweenthe volumes of hydrogen and oxygen which combine, butfurther, between the volume of vapor of water formed andthe sum of the volumes of the composing gases. 3 volumesof the latter are reduced to exactly 2 by the combination. Analogous facts have been discovered for other gases, asshown by the following examples : 2 volumes of nitrogen + 1 volume of oxygen = 2 volumes of nitrogen volumes of chlorine + 1 volume of oxygen =
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectchemistry, bookyear1887
