. Transactions of the Western Surgical Association. rocess, as shown by scratcheson the adjacent parts of the skull. The shape of the opening was usually square oroblong, although sometimes round or oval. The squareopening (Fig. 2) was peculiar to South was made by cutting four rectangular intersectinggrooves, almost but not quite through the bone, andthen prying out the loosened piece of skull. Theround openings (Figs. 3 and 4) were produced bygradual scraping, as shown by the characteristics ofuncompleted operations. From the nature of the grooves and the lines ontheir sides, it i
. Transactions of the Western Surgical Association. rocess, as shown by scratcheson the adjacent parts of the skull. The shape of the opening was usually square oroblong, although sometimes round or oval. The squareopening (Fig. 2) was peculiar to South was made by cutting four rectangular intersectinggrooves, almost but not quite through the bone, andthen prying out the loosened piece of skull. Theround openings (Figs. 3 and 4) were produced bygradual scraping, as shown by the characteristics ofuncompleted operations. From the nature of the grooves and the lines ontheir sides, it is probable that they were cut with astone instrument, like a spear-head, set in a handleand possessing a rough and rather blunt point,—a kindof single-toothed, stone-saw, as it were, by means ofwhich the bone was slowly worn away by a to-and-f ro motion aided by strong pressure. It is likely thatthe round holes were scraped out with sharp flakesof flint or obsidian, as is still done by certain more orless uncivilized tribes in various Fig. 1. Head of Peruvian mummy, showing trephineopening- in left temporal region, and an apparent right facialparalysis. (U. S. Ethnological Reports.)
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