Injury, recovery, and death, in relation to conductivity and permeability . tagonism between NaCl and CaCls was alsoobserved in the case of frog sldn.^^ Shearer (1919) in an experiment on bacteria findsthat NaCl and KCl decrease, and that CaCL increasesthe resistance, but that a mixture of these (Ringerssolution) in the proper proportions preserves thenormal resistance. Thus far, we have confined ourselves to the consid-eration of antagonism among kations. Numerous casesof this are Imown, but the search for similar relationsamong anions has achieved little result. Some cases havebeen described
Injury, recovery, and death, in relation to conductivity and permeability . tagonism between NaCl and CaCls was alsoobserved in the case of frog sldn.^^ Shearer (1919) in an experiment on bacteria findsthat NaCl and KCl decrease, and that CaCL increasesthe resistance, but that a mixture of these (Ringerssolution) in the proper proportions preserves thenormal resistance. Thus far, we have confined ourselves to the consid-eration of antagonism among kations. Numerous casesof this are Imown, but the search for similar relationsamong anions has achieved little result. Some cases havebeen described by Loeb^^ and Miss Moore (1901, 1902).Lipman and his associates*^ have reported antagonisticaction of anions as the result of studies on bacteria in **Osterhout (1919, C). Loeb, J. (1905, 1912, A, B) and literature there , C. B. (1912-13, 1914). Lipman, C. B., and Burgess, (1914, 1914-1915). 176 INJURY, RECOVERY, AND DEATH which salts were added to the soil, but it is very difficultto separate the effects of the added salts from those IDO-i 90- 80- o CO. Min. 5 FiQ. 77.—Curves showing the resistance of Laminaria agardhii in M sodium acetate, M sodium sulfate, and in mixtures of both: A in equal parts (by volume) of acetate andsulfate; B in acetate 75, sulfate 25; C in acetate; D in acetate 25, sulfate 75; E in represent net electrical resistance (expressed as per cent, of the original resistance insea water which is taken as 100%). Each point represents the average of ten experiments:probable error of the mean less than 5% of the mean. of salts already present in the soil. Miyake (1913) foundsome antagonism among anions in studying the growth ofrice. Fenn (1918) has called attention to the fact that thiskind of antagonism is commonly met with in experimentson gelatin. ANTAGONISM 177 Using electrical conductivity as a criterion, Raber(1920) has found well marked antagonism between 100 n 0^ to o a,
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