Horse-shoes and horse-shoeing : their origin, history, uses, and abuses . BRAND-MARK OF CIRCASSIAN the antiquity of this form of shoe there is no possibility ofjudging, because the exact counterpart of it existed alreadyat the period when the Ionian Greeks had established fixedsymbols as types of their cities and communities. Itoccurs on the coins of Lycia, and is known to numis-matists by the name of Triquetra (iig. 69). If therebe any difference, it is in a row of pointson the Lycian type, as if the shoe hadbeen perforated with holes for small nails(fig, 70) ; and what makes the sel


Horse-shoes and horse-shoeing : their origin, history, uses, and abuses . BRAND-MARK OF CIRCASSIAN the antiquity of this form of shoe there is no possibility ofjudging, because the exact counterpart of it existed alreadyat the period when the Ionian Greeks had established fixedsymbols as types of their cities and communities. Itoccurs on the coins of Lycia, and is known to numis-matists by the name of Triquetra (iig. 69). If therebe any difference, it is in a row of pointson the Lycian type, as if the shoe hadbeen perforated with holes for small nails(fig, 70) ; and what makes the selectionof this object for a symbol of the regionin question the more remarkable is, that,in remote antiquity, it was there Celticbreeders are reported to have first com-menced their trade in mules. The horse-shoes of early historians, since they do notmention farriers, appear to have been of this Lycianform, or were not fastened with nails driven throughthe horny hoof. It is difficult to escape an admissionthat horse-shoes of this kind are as old as the Ionianestablishments in Asia Minor, unless by deny


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookde, booksubjecthorses, booksubjecthorseshoes