. Cytology. Cytology. weight carbohydrates resulting from combinations of two or more mono- saccharides (disaccharides, trisaccharides) are called oligosaccharides. The individual sugar units making up an oligosaccharide are bound to- gether by glycosidic linkages (Formula (2-9)). Polysaccharides are high molecular weight carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharide re- peating units which are also linked to one another by means of glycosidic bonds. Many of the polysaccharides yield glucose as the end product following complete hydrolysis (, cellulose, starch, glycogen). 1,4-a linkage 6 C
. Cytology. Cytology. weight carbohydrates resulting from combinations of two or more mono- saccharides (disaccharides, trisaccharides) are called oligosaccharides. The individual sugar units making up an oligosaccharide are bound to- gether by glycosidic linkages (Formula (2-9)). Polysaccharides are high molecular weight carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharide re- peating units which are also linked to one another by means of glycosidic bonds. Many of the polysaccharides yield glucose as the end product following complete hydrolysis (, cellulose, starch, glycogen). 1,4-a linkage 6 CH20H 5|. OH H OH a-Maltose Carbohydrate, which is synthesized in the presence of light through the intermediacy of chlorophyll in green plants (see Figure 3-17), is a universal constituent of all living cells. It is one of the primary sources of energy for maintenance of cellular activity (see Chapter 3, Figures 3-9 and 3-11). The relative efficiency of carbohydrates in promoting cell function is due to the cell's ability to phosphorylate available carbo- hydrate and to partially degrade this phosphorylated product before it is finally broken down to CO2 and HoO by the oxidative mechanisms of the cell. In addition to its role as an energy source, carbohydrate in the polymerized form is an important constituent of certain cell structures. For example, cellulose is an integral component of plant cell walls, while chitin constitutes the major part of the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans. Inorganic Cons+i+uents Besides being complexed with organic molecules, many inorganic salts occur free and in the ionized state. The relationship between various in- organic salts and between the salts and organic constituents is extremely complex. In general, it is presumed that they provide the necessary ionic balance for a variety of physiological processes. Almost every element in the periodic table can be shown to play some relatively important role in the living organism. The divalent
Size: 2978px × 839px
Photo credit: © Central Historic Books / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionameri, bookcollectionbiodiversity
