. History of psychology; a sketch and an interpretation. Plato.—In the philosophy of Plato (427-347 ), the factors of earlier thought have Of course, Socrates could not foresee the use laterspeculation was to make of his intuitions. And it isworth saying, though it is not new, that the Socratesof Platos Dialogues (the Menon especially) is, in thismatter as in others, a Platonic Socrates. However wellintended by the author, we must suppose Socrates opin-ions to have been developed somewhat in the directionof Platos. On the matter before us, the following is thedecision of Fouillee: Socrates
. History of psychology; a sketch and an interpretation. Plato.—In the philosophy of Plato (427-347 ), the factors of earlier thought have Of course, Socrates could not foresee the use laterspeculation was to make of his intuitions. And it isworth saying, though it is not new, that the Socratesof Platos Dialogues (the Menon especially) is, in thismatter as in others, a Platonic Socrates. However wellintended by the author, we must suppose Socrates opin-ions to have been developed somewhat in the directionof Platos. On the matter before us, the following is thedecision of Fouillee: Socrates was not exclusively moral-ist, as the reading of Xenophon would lead us to believe,nor as much of a metaphysician as Plato represents proper point of view is that of the unity of ethics andmetaphysics in the notion, at once practical and speculat-ive, of final cause (Fouillee, loc. cit., Vol. I, p. 34). Inhis opinion also Socrates is an ethical determinist, assum-ing that he discarded free-will (a question, however,which he did not discuss.). Plato. {Copyright. Reproduced by kind permission of the Open Court PublishingCo., Chicago, ) Subjectivism 63 explicit development. We will indicate onlythose aspects which bear upon the problem ofpsychology. Platos thought centres in the celebratedtheory of ideas. Its meaning in brief is thatideas or concepts are not merely subjectivestates of mind, but absolute realities existing inthemselves. Every actual thing in nature has itsabsolute prototype or model in idea. Whatdegree of reality things have comes only fromthe presence of this prototype, of which the thingis a mere shadow. The ideas constitute a hier-archy or ascending series, the supreme idea beingGod or the Good. The idea of the Good mustbe the highest idea, and it must be divine. In this theory there is a further advance inthe direction of the Socratic teaching. Thestarting-point is the idea, but it is now not onlynot an individual state, but also not merely asu
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